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Measurement
and Problem Solving
Definitions and physical quantities (Matter;
mass, inertia, mass density, energy, Potential and Kinetic
Energy; Conservation of energy and the relationship between
matter and energy ; SI base units of measurement; Metric
prefixes;
Subdivisions of Physics
Making and recording measurements: Accuracy; Precision;
Significant Figures; Scientific Notation
Solving problems: Data, Equations, and Graphs; Vectors;
Rules of Problem Solving |
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Velocity and Acceleration
The Nature of Motion: Speed; Velocity; Equations
of motion; Motion graphs; Velocity Vector Problems
Acceleration: Acceleration; Solving acceleration problems;
Freely falling bodies and air resistance
Newton's laws of motion: Law of Inertia; Law of acceleration;
Law of interaction
Gravitation: Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation; The
mass of the earth; Relation between gravity and weight;
Gravitational fields
Calculation practice |
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Vectors and Projectiles
Composition of forces: Describing forces; Combining
force vectors; The equilibrant force; Trajectories
Resolution of forces: Components of force vectors; Resolving
gravitational forces |
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Forces and Friction
Definitions; Effects of force (Hooke’s
Law);
Friction: The nature of friction; Measuring friction;
Changing friction; Solving friction problems; Coefficients
of friction
Parallel forces: Center of gravity; Torques; Rotational
Equilibrium; Coupled Forces |
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Two-Dimensional
and Periodic Motion
Law of inertia (Newton’s first law); Law
of acceleration (Newton’s second law); The Law of
Action-Reaction (Newton’s Third Law); The Brachistrochrone;
Circular motion: The centrifugal effect; The Coriolis
effect; Centripetal acceleration, Centrifugal force, Orbits;
Critical velocity; Frames of reference
Rotary motion: Angular velocity and acceleration; rotational
inertia; Precession; Periodic motion;
Harmonic motion: Periodic motion; Analyzing harmonic motion;
The Pendulum and laws of the Pendulum |
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Conservation of
Energy and Momentum
Work, Machines, and Power: Definition of work;
Work done by varying forces; Work in rotary motion; Machines;
Definition of power; Power of rotary motion
Energy: Gravitational potential energy; Kinetic energy
in linear motion; Kinetic energy in rotary motion; Elastic
potential energy; Conservation of mechanical energy.
Momentum: The nature of momentum; Conservation of momentum;
Inelastic and elastic collisions; Angular momentum |
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Phases of Matter
The Structure of Matter:
Molecules and atoms; Kinetic theory of matter; Forces
between molecules; The nature of solids, liquids and gases.
Solid Phases: Cohesion and adhesion; Tensile strength
of solids; Ductility and malleability; Elasticity; Hooke's
Law.
Liquid Phase: Cohesion and adhesion; Surface tension of
liquids Capillarity; Melting; Effect of pressure and solutes
on the freezing point.
Gas Phase: The nature of gases; Vaporization; Equilibrium
vapor pressure; Boiling and plasma. |
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Heat Measurements
Temperature and Heat
Relationship between heat and temperature; Temperature
scales; Heat Units
Thermal Expansion: of solids and liquids; Abnormal expansion
of water Charles' Law; Boyle's Law; The combined gas equation;
The Universal Gas Constant
Heat Exchange: Heat Capacity; Specific Heat; Law of Heat
Exchange.
Change of Phase: The Triple Point; Heat of Fusion; The
Freezing Process; The Boiling Process; Heat of Vaporization;
The Condensing Process; The Critical Point; Summary of
Phase Changes |
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Heat engines
Heat and work: Mechanical equivalent of heat
; First law of thermodynamics Isothermal expansion; Adiabatic
expansion; Specific heats of gases
Heat transfer mechanisms: Efficiency of ideal heat engines;
Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Steam engines;
Steam turbines; Gasoline engines; Diesel engines; Gas
turbines; Jet engines; Rockets; Heat pumps |
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Waves
The nature of waves: Energy transfer; Mechanical
waves; Transverse waves; Longitudinal waves; Periodic
waves; Characteristics of waves; Amplitude and energy
Wave interactions: Properties of waves; Rectilinear propagation;
Reflection impedance; Retraction; Diffraction; The superposition
principle; Interference; Standing waves |
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Sound waves
The nature of sound: The Sonic spectrum; The
production of sound; Sound transmission; The Speed of
Sound; The properties of sound; Intensity and loudness;
Relative intensity measurements; Frequency and pitch;
The Doppler Effect
Characteristics of sound waves: Fundamental tones; Harmonics;
The quality of sound; The law of strings; Forced vibrations;
Resonance; Beats |
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The nature of light
Waves and particles
Properties of light; The Corpuscular Theory (Rectilinear
propagation, Reflection and Refraction); The wave theory;
The electromagnetic theory; The electromagnetic spectrum;
The photoelectric effect; Laws of photoelectric emission;
Failures of the wave theory; The Quantum Theory; Einstein's
photoelectric equation; The Quantized Atom; Coherent light:
(the laser) Production of X Rays; The Pressure of Light.
Illumination: Luminous and illuminated objects; The speed
of light; Light measurements; The Intensity of a source |
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Reflection of Light
Reflection: Reflectance; Regular and diffused
reflection; Mirrors as reflectors; Images by reflection;
Images formed by plane mirrors; Curved-mirror terminology;
Rays Focused by spherical mirrors; Constructing the image
of a point; Images formed by concave mirrors; Images formed
by convex mirrors; The reflecting telescope; Object image
relationships. |
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Refraction
Optical refraction: The nature of optical retraction;
Refraction and the speed of light; The index of refraction;
The laws of refraction; Total reflection
Lens optics: Types of lenses; Ray diagrams; Images by
retraction Images formed by converging lenses; Images
formed by diverging lenses; Object-Image relationships;
The Simple Magnifier; The Microscope and refracting telescopes
Dispersion: Dispersion by a prism; The color of light;
The color of objects; Complementary colors; The primary
colors; Mixing pigments; Chromatic aberration |
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Diffraction and
polarization
Interference and diffraction: Double-slit interference;
Interference in thin films; Diffraction of light; Wavelength
by diffraction; Single-slit diffraction;
Polarization: Polarization of transverse waves; selective
absorption; polarization by reflection; Polarization by
refraction; Interference patterns; scattering and optical
rotation |
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Electrostatics
Electric charge: Charges at rest; Two kind, of
charge; Electricity and matter The electroscope; conductors
and insulators iiansferring electrostatic. charges Residual
charge by induction; The force between charges; electric
fields\
Potential difference
Electric potential; Distribution of charges; Effect of
the shape of a conductor; discharging effects of points;
Capacitors; Dielectric materials; The effect of dielectrics;
Combinations of capacitors |
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Direct-current circuits
Sources of direct current: Electric charges in
motion; Continuous current; Sources of continuous current;
The dry cell; Combinations of cells;
Series and parallel circuits: Ohm's law for DC circuits;
Determining internal resistance; Resistances in series;
Resistances in parallel; Resistances in simple networks;
The laws of resistance; Measuring resistance. |
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Heating and chemical
effects
Heating effects: Energy of an electric current;
Energy conversion in resistance; Joule's law; Power in
electric circuits; Maximum transfer of power
Electrolysis: Electrolytic cells; Electroplating metals;
Faraday's laws of electrolysis. |
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Magnetic effects
Magnetism: magnetic materials; The domain theory
of magnetism; Force between magnet poles; Magnetic fields
of force ; Magnetic permeability; Terrestrial magnetism;
The magnetosphere
Electromagnetism: the link between an electric current
and magnetism; Magnetic field and a charge in motion;
Magnetic field and a current loop; The electromagnet;
The galvanometer ; DC voltmeter & ammeter; the ohmmeter. |
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Electromagnetic
induction
Induced currents: Discovery of induced current;
Faraday's induction experiments; Factors affecting induced
emf; The cause of an induced emf; The direction of induced
current; Lenz's law; Generators and motors; The generator
principle; The basic a-c generator; Instantaneous current
and voltage; Practical a-c generators; The d-c generator;
Field excitation; Ohm's l.aw and generator circuits; The
motor effect; flack emf; Practical d-c motors; Practical
a-c motors; Inductance; Mutual inductance; Self-inductance;
Inductors in series and parallel; The transformer; Transformer
losses |
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Alternating current
circuits
A-C measurements: Power in A-C circuits; Effective
values of current and voltage; Inductance in an A-C circuit;
Inductance and resistance; Inductive reactance; Impedance;
Capacitance in an A-C circuit; Capacitance and resistance.
Resonance: Inductive reactance vs. frequency ; capacitive
reactance vs. frequency; Series resonance; Selectivity
in series resonance |
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Electronic devices
Vacuum turfs: Electronics, a branch of physics;
Vacuum tube applications; Vacuum tube development; Thermionic
emission; Diode characteristics; The triode amplifier;
The cathode-ray tube; Photomultiplier tube;
Transistors: Crystal diodes; Transistor development; semiconductors;
Junction transistors; Transistor amplification; Transistor
characteristics; The photovoltaic effect |
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Atomic structure
The electron: Subatomic particles; Discovery
of the electron; Measuring mass of the electron; The electronic
charge; Size of the electron; Motions of the electron.
The nucleus; Discovery of the atomic nucleus; The proton;
The neutron; Isotopes; The mass spectrograph; Nuclear
binding |
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Nuclear reactions
Types of nuclear reactions: Discovery of radioactivity;
Nature of radioactivity; Types of natural radioactivity;
Nuclear symbols and equation; Radioactive decay Nuclear
bombardment; Fission and fusion; Cosmic rays; Chain reactions;
Nuclear reactors; Nuclear power; Radioisotopes |
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25 |
Relativity. the
quantum and chaos
Einstein and the Theory of Relativity; Quantum
mechanics; The uncertainty principle; Quantum numbers;
Matter and particle accelerators; high-energy particles;
Van de graaff generators; circular and linear accelerators
Detection instruments: Low-energy detectors; Photographic
film; Liquid bubble chambers; Electronic bubble chambers;
Solid state detectors;
Subatomic reactions: Classification of subatomic particles;
Particle interactions; Subatomic conservation laws; Quarks;
Unified field theories |
